Patient-interactive healthcare management

ABSTRACT

Patient-interactive health care management provides the ability for healthcare services received by a patient to be confirmed by the patient, or designated person, immediately after and subsequently after the healthcare services are rendered. The patient/designated person may be provided the ability to verify the accuracy of an invoice for the rendered services/goods and may provide an assessment of the rendered services/goods. The patient/designated person may provide this information via an appropriate stationary and/or portable processor. Healthcare may be received at any appropriate location or locations. The evaluation may occur at any appropriate location or locations. An after care risk assessment may be provided to the patient/designated person to evaluate the patient&#39;s status immediately after, subsequently after, and/or in between the healthcare services rendered. Patient-interactive health care may protect the safety of patients, mitigate disparities in care, protect payers, and/or facilitate adoption of health information technology.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The instant application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/115,801, filed May 25, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/115,801 is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/848,051, entitled “PATIENT-INTERACTIVE HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT,” file Aug. 30, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/848,051 issued on Jul. 12, 2011 with U.S. Pat. No. 7,979,286, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/848,051 claims benefit to U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/824,012, entitled “HEALTH CARE SYSTEM,” filed Aug. 30, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/848,051 also claims benefit to U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/868,013, entitled “HEALTH PROVIDER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,” filed Nov. 30, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/848,051 also claims benefit to U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/889,294, entitled “HEALTH CARE SYSTEM,” filed on Feb. 12, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technical field generally relates to health care, and more specifically relates to healthcare management, healthcare cost analysis, financial services, and healthcare service analysis.

BACKGROUND

Healthcare costs are on the rise. This is due in part to payment for services and/or goods that were not actually provided. It is not uncommon for payment of medical service to be paid, at least in part, by a third party other than the patient (e.g., health insurance company, government provider such as Medicare or Medicaid). Often, the third party provides payment in accordance with an invoice listing the services/goods provided. On occasions, the invoice may not be accurate.

A patient typically receives, after medical services have been provided, an invoice comprising an itemized list of the services/goods. For example, when a patient visits a physician for treatment, upon completion of the visit, the patient is provided an itemized invoice which should properly itemize services rendered. At times however, the itemized services do not accurately reflect the services rendered and/or goods (e.g., medications) provided. For a variety of reasons, inaccuracies may go unnoticed and/or uncorrected. A patient may not pay attention to the invoice, for example, because the patient is not responsible for paying the entire bill. The patient may not understand the codes and/or terminology used to describe the services. Or, the patient may not look at the invoice until well after leaving the physician's office. At his point, the patient may feel it is too late to correct any inaccuracies, or not remember what services/goods were provided. Thus, it is not uncommon for an inaccurate invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like to be submitted for payment. The lack of success to date in verifying the accuracy of invoices (e.g., by the paying party) or to correct found inaccuracies have had detrimental effects upon the cost of health care.

SUMMARY

Healthcare accountability and management are provided via patient-interactive contemporaneous evaluation and verification of provided services. Upon completion of provided services, the recipient of the services (e.g., the patient) evaluates the services and can verify the accuracy of an invoice of the services. The results thereof can be provided to a patient account and can be submitted to the paying party along with an invoice of the services. In an example embodiment, during the evaluation process, queries and information provided to the recipient are structured to provide interventional and educational changes to patient behavior. Accordingly, the patient is aided in adapting to changing healthcare behavior and entering into a more robust relationship with a healthcare provider.

In an example configuration, information stations (e.g., kiosks, processors having Internet access, mobile devices, facsimile devices, lap tops, desk tops, or the like), are located at or near the location where services are received. Services can be received at the same location at which the services are being provided (rendered), and/or services can be received remotely, by the patient, at a location that is remote from the location of the healthcare provider. For example, healthcare services can be received at an outpatient department, physician's offices, clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living centers, home health settings, hospice, dental office, optical offices, mental health institutions, rehab, occupational health settings, retail healthcare settings, in the patient's home, any appropriate remote location, or the like. Upon completion of services being provided (rendered), the patient evaluates, via the information station, the recently provided services. The patient can also respond to questions pertaining to the provided services. This information is collected via the information station contemporaneously with the services be provided/rendered. This information can be used to trace and or update the service provider's performance history and can be accessible by third parties. In an example embodiment, the patient is provided, via the information station, auxiliary information such as information about prescribed medications, self-care, the quality and effectiveness of services, health insurance coverage and regulations, billing, or the like, for example.

The collected information can be used to establish and/or update a patient account. The patient account can include information pertaining to the results of the patient's evaluation of the rendered healthcare services. The patient account can include information pertaining to patient and/or provider compliance with regulations, instructions, or the like. The patient account can be utilized to promote or encourage patient and/or provider compliance. The patient account can be accessible by the patient and authorized third parties. The patient account can be part of a national registry.

In various embodiments, patient-interactive health care management provides the ability for healthcare services received by a patient to be confirmed by the patient, or designated person, immediately after and subsequently after the healthcare services are rendered. The patient/designated person may be provided the ability to verify the accuracy of an invoice for the rendered services/goods and may provide an assessment of the rendered services/goods. The patient/designated person may provide this information via an appropriate stationary and/or portable processor. Healthcare may be received at any appropriate location or locations. The evaluation may occur at any appropriate location or locations. An after care risk assessment may be provided to the patient/designated person to evaluate the patient's status immediately after, subsequently after, and/or in between the healthcare services rendered.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages of patient-interactive healthcare management will be better understood from the following detailed description with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a depiction of an example scenario involving patient interactive healthcare management.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an example process for setting the location of a healthcare facility.

FIG. 3 s a flow diagram of an example process for establishing a list of healthcare providers.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an example process for completing a survey.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of a patient's perceptions of interactions with a healthcare practitioner.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of an example process for providing patient-interactive healthcare management.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an example process for verifying healthcare services and/or goods.

FIG. 8 is a depiction of an example confirmation screen for verifying healthcare services/goods.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example system for implementing patient-interactive healthcare management.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process for identifying and disbursing funds to multiple entities.

FIG. 11 is an illustration of an example verification survey.

FIG. 12 is an illustration of an example survey comprising patient healthcare guidance information.

FIG. 13 is an illustration of an example survey comprising a reference to an activity list.

FIG. 14 depicts an example activity list.

FIG. 15 depicts another example activity list.

FIG. 16 is a depiction of an example provider rating report.

FIG. 17 is a depiction of an example consumer profile.

FIG. 18 is a diagram of an example patient-interactive healthcare management system as applied to Medicare.

FIG. 19 is a diagram of an exemplary processor for implementing patient-interactive healthcare management.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Healthcare may be managed via patient interaction, and/or interaction with a designated person, at the time the patient is visiting a health care facility to receive healthcare services and/or goods. As used herein, the phrase “healthcare services” refers to healthcare services and/or healthcare goods. Patient-interactive healthcare management as described herein has numerous application, including, for example, home health, skilled nursing, assisted living, hospice, teaching facilities, dental healthcare, holistic healthcare, mental healthcare, occupational healthcare, physical rehabilitation, and healthcare related encounters between patient/consumer and a practitioner/provider. As described herein, a patient may refer to any appropriate person and/or entity that receives healthcare. For example, a patient may be a person, individual, consumer, member, beneficiary, employee, victim, or the like, or any appropriate combination thereof, who receives healthcare. Nonlimiting examples of patient-interactive healthcare may embody patient centered care, patient engagement, patient-interactive report, meaningful use, or the like, or any appropriate combination thereof.

In an example embodiment, this contemporaneous interaction may include assessing the quality of provided health care services and verifying the accuracy of an invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, listing the services provided. Additionally, information may be provided to the patient to educate the patient about healthcare and about actions the patient can take to improve her/his health. The results of the patient's interaction are provided to a database for storage, to a third party responsible for paying at least a portion of the rendered services/goods, an agency for collecting health care information, the healthcare facility that provided the services/goods, or a combination thereof. The results of the patient's interaction also can be provided to a patient account that may be accessible to the patient and/or third parties. Providing results and comparisons of the patient's interaction in this manner (e.g., feedback) can result in improvements in patient and healthcare provider behavior.

Patient-interactive healthcare management as described herein can help Federal and State governments, private practices, employers, and/or patients improve the quality and cost of healthcare. In an example embodiment, patient-interactive healthcare management is a web based, multimedia resource, programmed to gather useful patient and provider data using the patient's energy via surveying the patient upon the completion of the healthcare service being rendered. This could occur, for example, at the end of a doctor visit, at the end of a healthcare provided via a video conference, at the end of healthcare provided over the telephone, or the like. Various embodiments of patient-interactive healthcare management also can be programmed to provide periodic consumer reports to the patient. Example consumer reports include local reports, regional reports, national reports, physician office customer satisfaction reports, and statistics such as the number of procedures performed by a physician per period of time (year, month, etc.), or a combination thereof. In other example embodiments, patient-interactive healthcare management provides patient education information, and is usable to propagate public awareness about ways to more wisely manage healthcare resources. In an example embodiment, patient-interactive healthcare management is a consumer driven, point-of-service tool which can be placed in a healthcare facility, to empower government-pay and non-government pay beneficiaries to exercise normal buying behaviors. In an example embodiment, consumer reports and/or education information can be accessible to the patient via a patient account. When a patient is treated by a practitioner (e.g., physician, nurse, physician's assistant, psychologist, psychiatrist, physical therapist, dentist, counselor, or the like), patient-interactive healthcare management allows the patient/consumer to express the level of satisfaction with and gauge the effectiveness of the quality of care received, and to verify that specific services were rendered without bias during the visit.

In an example embodiment, patient-interactive healthcare management allows government agencies, government contracted agencies and the like (e.g., QIO's—Quality Improvement Organizations, DOJ—Department of Justice, OIG—Office of Inspector General, HHS—Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Insurance, Workers Compensation Commission, Department of Labor, Department of Corrections, Department of Defense, Veterans Administration etc., responsible for Regulation enforcement e.g. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Public Service Act, Social Security Protection Act, Federal Insurance Contribution Act, ERISA—Employee Retirement Income Security Act, Hill-Burton Act, etc.) to receive more complete, accurate, precise information for identifying (via, for example, forensic auditing using objective/subjective/empirical data derived from patient-interactive healthcare management) and prosecuting offenders that are misusing or have misused (underutilized and/or over utilized) resources intended for people (the public) protected under these acts. Patient-interactive healthcare management as described herein facilitates enforcement of regulations, requirements, rules, laws, and the like, that typically are difficult to enforce because of limited verification and validation monitoring capabilities. For example under the Affordable Care Act and Public Service Act there are specified quality improvement activities classified within the Medical Loss Ratio Formula that are allowed expenses under the Direct Medical Expense section. These allowed exemptions may be verified in large part using patient-interactive healthcare management.

In various embodiments, a designated person may facilitate patient-interactive healthcare. For example, pediatric patients may be accompanied by a parent(s), a guardian(s), or the like. Special needs patients (e.g., disabled, blind, sight impaired, deaf, hearing impaired, amputee, etc.) may be accompanied by a caregiver, a friend, a relative, a healthcare service provider, or the like. The designated person may provide information, evaluate, answer questions, or the like, on behalf of the patient. It is to be understood that referring to a patient herein, where appropriate, may be interpreted to mean patient and/or designated person.

In various embodiments, after-care services may be provided. For example, a patient may electronically respond, post discharge/post visit (e.g., subsequent to healthcare services being rendered), to evaluative questions that measure and/or monitor the effectiveness of the healthcare rendered, discharge orders, healthcare instructions, or the like. The after-care evaluation questions may facilitate measurement and/or monitoring of the patient's health condition to identify potential patient safety risks that may occur post discharge/post visit. The results may be utilized to alert the patient's healthcare professional(s), or the like, so that they may use the clinical decision support information to determine whether a the patient's condition warrants a healthcare intervention.

An evaluative pre-discharge risk assessment may be administered electronically by a healthcare professional to a patient. This may insure a smooth transition from, for example, the hospital to home or residence. As part of the risk assessment process the patient may be responsive to questions about the patient's healthcare. The electronic risk assessment may be administered to help determine the level of risk for complications and/or problems that the patient may experience post discharge. In various embodiments, the patient may be electronically (clinical) monitored to detect problems as early as possible so as to quickly identify and communicate any problems to reduce the severity of the problem/condition, and avoid a preventable ER visit and or re-hospitalization.

In an example scenario, a patient may receive healthcare in the patient's home. While receiving healthcare in the home (e.g., applying medical orders/instructions, follow on treatments, etc.) the patient may be electronically responsive to (post discharge/post visit) evaluative questions that measure and monitor the effectiveness of the healthcare rendered, discharge orders, healthcare instructions etc., and/or measure and monitor the patient's health condition to observe and identify potential patient safety risks that may occur post discharge/post visit, and alert the patient's healthcare professionals so they can use this clinical decision support information to determine whether a the patient's condition warrants a healthcare intervention.

FIG. 1 is a depiction of an example scenario involving patient interactive healthcare management. At scene 12 of the example scenario, the patient is provided healthcare services (e.g., physical, electrocardiogram, stress test) and goods (e.g., sample medication, a prescription for medication, a prescription for follow up service such as blood work) by the physician. After receiving the services/goods, the patient goes to (step 18) the information station depicted at scene 14. At the information station, as described in more detail below, the patient answers questions about the quality of the provided healthcare services. Also at the information station, the patient verifies the accuracy of an invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, of the provided services/goods. Information gathered from the patient via the information station is provided (step 20) to an entity 16 such as a database, a third party, a government agency, or the like. The results collected from the patient are indicative of a verified record of services provided to the patient and provide for the collection of contemporaneous feedback on the quality of the service received and patient compliance with prescribed conduct. Thus allowing for feedback regarding the level of congruence between doctor/nurse practitioner instruction and/or practice of evidence based medicine and patient's understanding and inclusion of the same. The information gathered from the patient also can be provided (step 22) to the facility/physician that provided the services/goods. Upon analysis of the received information, the entity 16 can provide (step 24) payment and/or feedback to the facility that provided the services/goods.

Although scene 12 illustrates a patient and a healthcare provider being collocated, it is understood that the patient and the healthcare provider do not necessarily have to be at the same location. The patient and the healthcare provider could communicate via a wired and/or wireless connection, and thus could be remotely located. For example, a patient could be located in his/her home, at a clinic, on a mobile communications device, or the like, and the healthcare provider could be at a different location. A patient could receive healthcare service via a video conference, via a telephone, via a wireless communications device, or the like.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an example process for setting the location of a healthcare facility within the system for implementing patient-interactive healthcare management. After receiving healthcare services, the patient logs in at step 26. In an example embodiment, the patient logs in at the information station. At step 28, it is determined if the location at which the patient received the healthcare services is set in the system. If the location is set within the system (step 28), the location is confirmed at step 32. The location also can be updated at step 32. If the location is not set (step 28) in the system, the location is selected or entered by the patient at step 30. At step 34, the location set into the system. At step 36, a welcome page, or the like, is rendered. The welcome page can comprise any appropriate page from which the patient can start completing the survey, selecting providers, or the like.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an example process for establishing a list of healthcare providers. The patient logs into the system at step 38. In an example embodiment, the patient logs in at the information station. The patient requests a provider list at step 40. At step 42, the patient provides the location of the healthcare facility at which the healthcare services were rendered/provided. As understood, this location can differ from the location at which the healthcare services were received. Step 44, a list of active providers associated with the specified location is rendered via the system. At step 46, the active providers are registered with the system. The patient is returned to the main menu at step 48. At the main menu, the patient can start completing the survey.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an example process for completing a survey. The patient enters her/his name at step 50. At step 52, it is determined if the patient's records are in the system. If the patient's records are in the system (step 52), the process proceeds to step 56. If the patient records are not in the system (step 52), the process proceeds to step 54. At step 54, a record is created for the patient. At step 56, the patient selects, from a provided list of physicians, the physician (or any appropriate practitioner) that rendered the services/goods. As described in more detail below, the patient completes the survey asked at 58.

In an example embodiment, the patient can complete a survey pertaining to health care issues associated with the specific visit (rendering of the healthcare). For example, if the healthcare visit pertains to diabetes, a survey pertaining to diabetes can be completed. In accordance with this embodiment, at step 60 the patient enters, or selects from a provided list, the reason for the visit. At step 62, the survey is provided by the system. At step 64, the patient completes the visit specific survey.

Via the information station, in an example embodiment, the patient interacts with a user prompted interface. As depicted in FIG. 5, the information station collects information from patients via a touch screen. In an example embodiment, a survey is conducted, using non-specialized language, about the patient's experience during the visit. The patient's perceptions pertaining to the quality of the current physician visit is gathered. Patient's perceptions of the communication of health topics in the delivery of evidence based health care during the physician visit also are collected.

In an example embodiment, administered healthcare services are verified by the patient immediately after treatment. This can reduce incidences of health care fraud because health insurance companies will be presented with accurate information as to the medical services that were actually rendered. Because the consumer/patient provides an evaluation of the office visit contemporaneously with the visit, using the consumer's energy/knowledge is likely to be a reliable source to pinpoint and reduce billing mistakes and attempts at fraud. The patient/consumer is also the best qualified to comment on the treatment received during the office visit. Information gathered from the patient, via the information collection station, provides the ability to simplify fraud prevention activities, gather physician office best practice data, and to gain patient education at the time of their visit.

For example, in accordance with the scenario depicted in FIG. 1, after the patient completes her physician's visit, a staff member may say, “Before you leave, please provide your feedback about the care you received today. It will help us improve the services we provide in the future”. Moments later, the patient standing or seated at a computer console with a touch screen, may tap in answers to a set of questions pertaining to her satisfaction with her care during the visit and several other questions about her choices in diet, exercise, and personal care, etc. The patient may then asked to confirm that the list of procedures identified in the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, to her insurance company was actually completed during the visit. The staff member may then say to the patient, “Thank you for completing the survey today. You can remain anonymous. Your answers will be sent electronically to your insurance company, the quality control office for this medical group, and/or to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for compilation into a national database. Confidentiality will be appropriately maintained. You also have the option of identifying yourself if you choose. Your answers and other information from the doctor about things you can do to manage your current health condition can be sent to you electronically.” The copy also, or in the alternative, may be made available via electronic means (e.g., Internet).

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of an example process for providing patient-interactive healthcare management. At step 66, a patient is taken into a healthcare facility. Patient intake can include, for example, the patient signing in at the healthcare facility, the patient logging in, or the like. At this point, the healthcare facility is aware of the patient's presence and can retrieve any files, records, or the like related to the patient. Healthcare services are provided at step 68. For example, the patient can see the physician and receive treatment, such as a physical examination, or the like.

At step 70, the patient visits the information station. At the information station (e.g., kiosk, processor having Internet access, mobile device, facsimile device, lap top, desk top, or the like), the patient assesses the quality of the provided services and verifies the accuracy of an invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, of the provided services/goods. In an example embodiment, the patient receives, via the information station, an invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, comprising an itemized list of healthcare services provided. The patient can receive the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, by providing identifying information via the information station. Example identifying information can include the patient's name and/or an account number associated with the patient. Identifying information can be entered via a keyboard, mouse, or the like, via the information station, and/or identifying information can be provided via a storage device such as a patient identification card, common access card, or the like.

In an example embodiment, the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, is provided to the patient before the patient visits the information station. For example, the treating physician or a staff member can provide the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, to the patient while walking the patient to the information station. In another example embodiment, the an invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, can be provided via the information station upon conclusion of the healthcare service being provided.

If the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, was prepared properly, the invoice should accurately reflect the administered healthcare services/goods. The invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, can include identification of each service rendered, such as a textual description (e.g., physical examination) and/or codes such as, for example, CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) codes, DRG (Diagnostic Related Groups) codes, and/or ICD (International Classification of Diseases) codes, or the like. For example, a standard physical examination may have a code of #123. The invoice also can indicate the fee associated with each itemized service and/or good.

At the information station, if the patient was provided the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, prior to visiting the information station, the patient provides the information station with the patient's copy of the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like. For example, the patient can place the invoice on a scanning bed for electronic scanning. The invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, can be scanned and the information station can determine the itemized services written on the invoice. The contents of the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, can also be loaded into the information station via computer keying (either by the patient or the doctor/staff, or it can be digitized (scanned) by the staff and retrieved at the information station.

In an example configuration, the information station comprises an output device, such as a display, a speaker, or a combination thereof for rendering a list of services/goods matching the itemized services/goods identified on the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like. The patient verifies the accuracy of the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, by reviewed the rendered list and providing an indication as to the accuracy thereof. For example, the patient, via an input device (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, buttons, touch screen, microphone) can confirm that the rendered list of services accurately reflects the actually administered services. This can be accomplished, for example, by the patient pressing “yes” button to confirm or a “no” button, otherwise. The information station having a visual output device and an audio output device allows patients having visual or hearing impairments to utilize the information station. Thus, a patient with a visual disability can listen to the rendered list of services/goods and verify the accuracy thereof accordingly.

If the patient indicates (step 72) that the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, is accurate, a list of verified services/goods is submitted to the appropriate entity at step 74. The invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, can also be submitted along with the list. If the patient indicates (step 72) that the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, is inaccurate, the inaccuracy(s) can be corrected (or reconciled later) at step 76. The process proceeds to step 72 therefrom. For example, if the patient confirms (step 72) that the rendered list of services is accurate, the verified list of services/goods (and optional invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like,) can be provided to the third party, at step 74, for payment of the services. If the patient indicates that the rendered list of services is inaccurate, the healthcare facility (e.g., an employee of the office including the physician) can be alerted that there is a discrepancy with the invoice. The employee can review the invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like, correct any discrepancy(s), and allow the patient to confirm the accuracy (at step 72) of the corrected invoice, prebill, bill, charge ticket, or the like.

In an example embodiment, upon completion of authentication and verification of the providers charge for services, the patient can provide a signature (e.g., electronically). Over time with repetitive use the patient will enhance her/his healthcare literacy and become more familiar with the medical terminology used to describe the care she/he receives and the cost associated with the service. Beginning with the collection of charge-to-patient services, by patient, by doctor, these metrics can populate a database for customers and consumers to access. Because the method of data gathering is simple, affordable and natural, using it makes the defensibility against billing mistakes, fraud, and abuse more easily achievable.

In an example embodiment, patient-interactive healthcare management can be used to supplement existing standard billing practices. For example, currently, a doctor's office submits a copy of an invoice to a health insurance company for reimbursement. This can still be done and the information station can also be used to verify, to the health insurance company, that the invoice is accurate. The health insurance company can compare the invoice received from the healthcare facility with the list that is received, and if there is a match, the invoice can be processed normally.

Patient-interactive healthcare management as described herein provides a patient (e.g., a government-pay patient such as a Medicare patient or a Medicaid patient) the ability to exercise true normal buying behavior. Customer verification allows the patient to approve immediate payment in full to a physician for the services just received and verified. Typically, getting paid immediately is a benefit that providers will welcome. Unlike most vendor transactions, healthcare providers do not get paid in full at the time their services are rendered. Paying them “immediately” is a motivating benefit. The patient-interactive healthcare management system provides a mechanism for providing co-pay versus charges and/or co-pay versus costs.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an example process for verifying healthcare services. At step 78, the payer (e.g., a health insurance company, a government agency, a third party) receives the verified list of healthcare services (e.g., the verified list provided at step 74). At step 80, the payer stores the verified list in a database or the like. At step 82, the payer receives the invoice from the healthcare facility. The invoice can be provided to the payer concurrent with the verified list and/or separately. The invoice can be physically mailed and/or electronically transmitted to the payer for payment. The payer compares, at step 84, the received invoice with the verified list. If the verified list matches (step 86) the invoice, the payer pays the appropriate portion of the invoice at step 88. If the verified list does not match (step 86) the invoice, the payer does not pay the invoice, and can optionally investigate, at step 90, why the verified list does not match the invoice. Because the verified list was contemporaneously verified (e.g., step 70) by the patient during the visit to the healthcare facility, the payer is provided a high confidence level that the invoice is accurate if it matches the verified list.

FIG. 8 is a depiction of an example confirmation screen 92 for verifying healthcare services/goods. Prior to viewing the screen 92, the patient can be verified. Verification can be accomplished via any appropriate means for example, via interface with the payor, via a common access card, via a patient identification card, and/or via any applicable ID authentication system. The confirmation screen 92 can be visually displayed, for example on a display device of the information station, the confirmation screen 92 can be provided as a hardcopy (printed version of confirmation screen), the confirmation screen 52 can be provided via audio, or a combination thereof. The confirmation screen 92 comprises a portion 94 for providing a name of the patient, a portion 96 for providing a list of healthcare services/goods, and a verification portion 98 for allowing the patient to verify the list of healthcare services/goods. Portion 94 can provide the patients name and any other related information, such as the patient's health care provider, for example. The portion 96 can provide a list of the services rendered, and any associated codes. The verification portion 98 provides the patient an opportunity to confirm that the list (portion 96) is accurate by allowing the patient to touch a “yes” button or a “no” button.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example system for implementing patient-interactive healthcare management comprising the information station 100 and a healthcare entity 104 (e.g., a health insurance company, a government agency, a healthcare data collection entity). In an example configuration, an information station 100 is located in a healthcare facility, such as a physician's office, a clinic, a hospital, or the like. The information station may communicate with the healthcare entity, or entities, 104 via a network 102. Example healthcare entities may include, a health information exchange, a health insurance exchange, an enterprise data warehouse, and/or a personal health record host, or the like. The network 62 may comprise any appropriate network such as a wired network, a wireless network, an optical network, or a combination thereof. For example, the network 102 can comprise an Internet, an intranet, a LAN (local area network), or a combination thereof. In an example embodiment, the healthcare related entity 104 is the entity to which the list of verified services is sent.

In an example configuration, information provided from and/or received by the information station 100 can comprise secure information. For example, information can be encrypted, obfuscated, or a combination thereof. Any appropriate techniques can be used to secure information, such as symmetric key encryption, public key encryption, or a combination thereof.

In some cases, a patient may have multiple insurance companies. For example, the patient may be a member of the Veteran's Association which may contribute to a portion of a patient's medical bills. The patient may also have a primary health insurance company as well. The embodiments described herein, in which payment can be made to a respective health provider, also may be applied to multiple health insurance companies, credit card companies, reconciliation companies, or the like. In this way, all health insurance companies (either public or private) may reimburse electronically and automatically. Thus, as depicted in FIG. 9, the healthcare related entity 104 can comprise a single entity or multiple entities.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process for identifying and disbursing funds to multiple entities. At step 106, patient records are retrieved. Patient records can be located and retrieved via any appropriate means, such as electronically retrieving a record about the patient from any relevant database or storage, for example. Storage can comprise any appropriate storage, such as a database (e.g., physician's database, a remote database from the patient's primary health insurance provider, or any database which may have access to the patient's health insurance provider(s)), a storage facility, local memory of a processor, or a combination thereof. Storage can include a non-electronic record of the patient's health insurance companies garnered from a physical patient questionnaire that the patient may have completed. Retrieval of records also can include retrieving rules associated with provider's responsibilities for paying invoices.

At step 108, it is determined which healthcare entities (e.g., health insurance company) are associated with the patient. This can be accomplished by retrieving information in the located/retrieved records (step 106) about the health insurance provider(s) that the patient is associated with. The rules that apply to the health insurance provider(s) can also be stored therein so that the system knows how much each health insurance company should pay. Payment(s) is provided at step 110. The payment amounts can be calculated based on the rules associated with each provider. Thus, if the patient has multiple health insurance providers, each provider can be automatically paid the appropriate amount. For example, a patient's primary health insurance provider may cover 80% of the invoice, and a secondary provider may cover 15% of unreimbursed expenses. Thus, if this patient's medical bill is $100, $80 would be covered by the primary health insurance provider and $15 would be covered by the secondary provider. The remaining $5 may have to be covered by the patient himself

In an example embodiment, results of the patient's evaluation of the rendered services/goods are provided (fed back) to healthcare providers, healthcare benefactors, and/or healthcare recipients in order to impact healthcare behavior. Additionally, reinforcement of suggested behavior is provided. Patient and healthcare provider data is gathered using consumer (rather than provider) energy, by surveying patients at the end of the physician office visit, or at the conclusion of the rendered healthcare. The patient-interactive healthcare management as described herein gathers information regarding patient perceptions of their visit and health goals, and provides immediate feedback and patient education information to propagate public awareness about ways to more wisely manage healthcare resources. Patient-interactive healthcare management delivers comparative peer group data designed to improve consumer disease prevention education and patient self-management skills. Patient-interactive healthcare management also collates consumer satisfaction reports and physician procedure data that can be used by benefactors. The real-time collection of patient-centric data extends the capability of benefactors to evaluate and react to provider performance, thereby enhancing the infrastructure needed to administer benefactor programs. Patient-interactive healthcare management provides to physicians and healthcare providers means to meet electronic compliance requirements, the capability to acquire an immediate payment for services, and is a patient point-of-service tool to obtain and evaluate customer satisfaction opinions.

In an example embodiment of patient-interactive healthcare management, after healthcare services are rendered to the patient, the patient is provided, via the information station, a survey about the patient's experience. For example, the patient can be asked questions relating to the patient's evaluation of the visit with the physician, such as waiting time, confidence in the physician, quality of the treatment, or the like. In an example embodiment the survey is utilized to verify services provided for payment and quality of services for consumer information. If the patient verifies and is satisfied with the services provided, the patient authorizes immediate payment, as depicted in FIG. 11. The surveys and payment information can be collected on a database or any appropriate storage means. Responses to the survey can be tabulated and provided to the physician's office (healthcare facility).

The survey offers government-pay patients (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid) the opportunity to express concerns and satisfactions with the care received from their attending healthcare professional (e.g., physician). The information provided by the patient can be aggregated into a database, or the like, that can be used to report a customer satisfaction score by provider, for customers and consumers accessible from a website, network, or the like. As the patient survey evolves it can yield comparative disease state management data intended to educate individuals about ways to reduce individual risk factors and achieve self-efficacy. This information can be converted into disease state management profiles that direct specific attention to various levels of analysis for the individual, the public, and the government-payer.

FIG. 12 is an illustration of another example survey form comprising information pertaining to patient self care. As depicted in FIG. 12, the patient is asked questions pertaining to the rendered healthcare services and pertaining to the patient's intentions to comply with healthcare instructions. The patient also is asked if she/he has any questions. If the patient has questions, the questions can be answered at the time the patient is completing the survey. Additionally, as depicted in FIG. 12, the patient is provided information pertaining to healthcare issues relating to the rendered healthcare services/goods. In the example depicted in FIG. 12, the patient received healthcare services/goods related to diabetes.

Additionally, the patient can be provided an activity list comprising a list of activities to be conducted after the patient leaves the physician's office. FIG. 14 depicts an example activity list for a patient having diabetes. FIG. 15 depicts an example activity list for general therapeutic healthcare activities. For example, the activity list can be referenced in the survey form as depicted in FIG. 13.

In an example embodiment of patient-interactive healthcare management, patient and physician event data are gathered and utilized to develop individual and/or aggregate healthcare trends and/or statistics. Event date may be gathered, for example, via a forensic audit or the like. The trend information can be utilized to gain insights about patient experiences. This information is utilizable to differentiate patterns among patients and physicians. The information offers perspectives on, for example, aspects of resource utilization, customer satisfaction, health-related self-care, and the individual and collective financial transparency needed to amplify the cost associated with patient and physician events, or the like. This information may be updatable to allow observation of new insights into changing behaviors.

Patient-interactive healthcare management as described herein enhances the awareness of patients, and consumers, of healthcare issues. By enabling the patient to communicate with the physician and the insurer about the quality of the patient experience, the patient becomes more aware of national data about satisfaction, and about information about the qualifications of physicians. As an informed consumer, it is reasonable to expect patients to adapt socially responsible behaviors to reduce costs and improve quality by engaging in the choice of provider, and in the choice of interventions proposed by the provider. Patients may adopt patient-driven health information technology (HIT) to facilitate the choice of provider and/or the choice of interventions proposed by the provider. Via utilization of patient-interactive healthcare management, providers, payers, and consumers will be able to more wisely manage healthcare resources.

In an example embodiment, the patient can submit a personal email address, via the information station, to which updates will be sent about physician ratings, information about common disease states for the patient's age and gender, regional alerts for communicable diseases, and on-call information about treatment options for specific diagnoses.

Patient participation in patient-interactive healthcare management can create a heuristic for patient satisfaction information; as each patient enters a survey, the total national database is automatically updated, so that at any time authorized researchers can get an up-to-date insight into recent trends in patient perceptions, and benchmark best practices. The bond which this system creates among the patient, the physician and the payer benefits all participants; the physician learns what her/his patients feel about the office experience, the payer obtains data to identify trends and to verify the validity of claims, and the patient is permitted to expand her/his capacity as a responsible purchaser of health services. Customers of patient-interactive healthcare management can include the federal, state, and local governments, which can license its use, and the health-care providers who participate in public-pay systems. A web site that can display data collected in patient surveys can be a consumer-driven website which uses the consumer's energy to create useful patient and provider trending data. This encounter trending will help the consumer to analyze provider pricing and service quality data and to adopt cost-effective health behaviors. This system is independent from the provider or the provider's staff This system provides a uniform data set and the ability to easily update, modify or change the data set by the control group licensing its application. Having the means to incorporate and modify a uniform data set will allow national, state, and local managers the ability to cross walk specific cause and effect realities that are or are not working at the provider/patient level.

In an example embodiment, therapeutic, educational intervention is conducted at an appropriate time contemporaneously with the healthcare visit in order to promote positive change in patient and/or physician behavior. In an example embodiment, as the rendering of healthcare services is upon completion, the physician segues into a brief, effective intervention with the patient. During the intervention, the patient can be provided educational material, can be provided a questionnaire, can engage in a conversation with the physician, or a combination thereof.

In an example therapeutic intervention, the physician can ask the patient if the patient is satisfied with the treatment received. The physician can ask the patient if the patient will adhere to instructions provided. The physician can ask the patient if the patient has any questions. Additionally, the physician can reinforce preventative medicine and/or chronic disease points of self-care with the patient by providing, for example, the activity list depicted in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15. Further, the physician can encourage the patient to participate in the evaluation process. Upon completion of the intervention, the patient can progress to the information station to evaluate the rendered services.

FIG. 16 is a depiction of an example provider rating report. In an example embodiment, providers are rated and the ratings are made available. The provider rating report depicted in FIG. 16 can be made available via the Internet, via email, via a paper report, or like. Consumers can utilize the provider rating reports to assess practitioners before or after receiving services from the practitioner. A provider rating report can be generated from the evaluations and/or ratings of multiple patients. Information included in a provider rating report can include, for example, an assessment of the friendliness of the practitioner, the practitioner's attentiveness to patients, an assessment of the education received from the practitioner, patients' overall satisfaction with a practitioner, and an indication of patients' perception of cost and quality of rendered healthcare services/goods.

FIG. 17 is a depiction of an example consumer profile. The consumer profile is indicative of a patient specific healthcare report. In an example embodiment, the patient-interactive healthcare management system stores and maintains healthcare information pertaining to each consumer's experiences. A consumer can access a profile containing such healthcare information. The consumer profile depicted in FIG. 17 is an annual consumer profile. However the profile can be indicative of any appropriate amount of time. The consumer profile can provide information such as the consumer's name, age, sex, and physical characteristics. The consumer profile can provide statistics pertaining to specific healthcare issues. For example, the consumer profile can provide information pertaining to chronic disease factors such as indication as to whether the consumer is within acceptable weight boundaries and/or whether the patient's blood pressure is under control. The consumer profile can provide information indicative of patience risk factors pertaining to various ailments such as diabetes, heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and foot problems, for example. Additionally, the consumer profile can provide information pertaining to cost for treating specific ailments.

In an example embodiment, the patient interactive healthcare management system can be utilized as an information repository for tracking purposes. For example, the patient-interactive healthcare management system can be utilized to track durable medical equipment or the like. For example, a patient may receive a durable medical product such as a wheelchair to during her visit to the healthcare practitioner. At the information station, or the like, a barcode affixed to the wheelchair can be scanned into the patient interactive healthcare management system. This system will associate the wheelchair with the patient can maintain this information for tracking purposes. When the patient no longer needs the wheelchair, the patient can return the wheelchair to the practitioner, or to any appropriate location, and the location of the return wheelchair will be updated in the patient-interactive healthcare management system. The patient interactive healthcare management system also can be utilized to track prescriptions. Does, the patient interactive healthcare management system can function as a repository for tracking and maintaining a patient's medication use.

FIG. 18 is an example illustration depicting patient-interactive healthcare management as applied to Medicare. The database comprises patient information collected via the information stations as described above. The database 71 can comprise for example, information pertaining to the quality of health care provided to patients, statistics pertaining to the accuracy of invoices, information pertaining to the overall quality of healthcare services provided, or the like. The information contained in the database 71 is available to Medicare billing 75. Medicare billing 75 can include any appropriate billing agency are entity responsible for handling billing matters for Medicare. In an example embodiment, the information contained in database 71 is available to consumer groups 73. Example consumer groups include e-Veritas, e-Orare, and e-Pacare. Information stored in a database 71 is available, via Medicare billing 75, to the Medicare webpage 78. Information on the Medicare webpage 78 is available to a variety of entities including, for example, the patient 80, a healthcare provider 82, any information seeker 84 having access to the Medicare webpage 78, an auditor investigator 86, the Medicare administrator 88, and a professional association 90.

The information station can comprise a processor or combination of processors. FIG. 19 is a diagram of an exemplary processor 91 for implementing patient-interactive healthcare management. The processor 91 comprises a processing portion 93, a memory portion 95, and an input/output portion 97. The processing portion 93, memory portion 95, and input/output portion 97 are coupled together (coupling not shown in FIG. 19) to allow communications therebetween. The processor 91 can comprise hardware. The processor 91 can comprise an combination of hardware and software. Each portion (i.e., processing portion 93, memory portion 95, input/output portion 97) of the process 91 can comprise hardware. Each portion (i.e., processing portion 93, memory portion 95, input/output portion 97) of the process 91 can comprise a combination of hardware and software. The input/output portion 97 is capable of providing and/or receiving components utilized to perform patient-interactive healthcare management as described above. For example, the input/output portion 97 is capable of, as described above, providing/receiving patient information, healthcare provider information, invoice verification information, information pertaining to the patient's assessment of the quality of healthcare services/goods provided, healthcare generic information, information pertaining to patient specific healthcare issues, encrypted information, or a combination thereof.

The processing portion 93 is capable of implementing patient-interactive healthcare management as described above. For example, the processing portion 93 is capable of calculating statistics based on provided patient healthcare information, determining trends based on provided patient healthcare information, or a combination thereof.

The processor 91 can be implemented as a client processor and/or a server processor. In a basic configuration, the processor 91 can include at least one processing portion 93 and memory portion 95. The memory portion 95 can store any information utilized in conjunction with patient-interactive healthcare management. For example, the memory portion 95 is capable of functioning as a repository for storing information for tracking durable medical equipment, prescribed medications, or the like. The memory portion 95 is capable of storing information pertaining to a practitioner profile, a patient profile, or a combination thereof, for example. Depending upon the exact configuration and type of processor, the memory portion 95 can be volatile (such as RAM) 99, non-volatile (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.) 101, or a combination thereof. The processor 91 can have additional features/functionality. For example, the processor 91 can include additional storage (removable storage 103 and/or non-removable storage 105) including, but not limited to, magnetic or optical disks, tape, flash, smart cards or a combination thereof. A computer readable storage medium, such as memory portion 95, 99, 101, 103, and 105, include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. A computer readable storage medium may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, universal serial bus (USB) compatible memory, smart cards, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the processor 91. Any such computer readable storage medium can be part of the processor 91. A computer readable storage medium is an article of manufacture. A computer readable storage medium is not a propagating signal. A computer readable storage medium is not to be construed as a propagating signal.

The processor 91 can also contain communications connection(s) 111 that allow the processor 91 to communicate with other devices, such as other devices, for example. Communications connection(s) 111 is an example of communication media. Communication media typically embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. The term computer readable media as used herein includes both storage media and communication media. The processor 91 also can have input device(s) 109 such as keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, a touch screen, a smart card, a patient identification card, or the like. Output device(s) 107 such as a display, speakers, printer, or the like also can be included.

As described herein, a personal e-health patient account/longitudinal record can be established for access by a patient and/or authorized third parties. The patient account, in a fashion, is a personalized data repository for the patient. The patient account can be established in any appropriate manner via any appropriate mechanism. For example, the patient account can be established prior to a patient receiving healthcare services, the patient account can be established upon a patient receiving healthcare services, the patient account can be established while a patient is evaluating healthcare services, the patient account can be established upon a patient evaluating healthcare services, or any appropriate combination thereof. The patient account can be updated to include an indication of the results of the patient's evaluation of a rendered healthcare service. The patient account can be established and/or updated via any appropriate device. For example, the patient account can be established by the processor 91 described herein.

The patient account can be updated in any appropriate manner. For example the owner (e.g., a patient) of the patient account can selectively enter personal healthcare information into their patient account for future access by the owner and by designated third parties with the owner's permission (authorized third parties). A third party may, for example, access selected healthcare information in the patient account on the owner's behalf. Examples types of healthcare information that can be included in the patient account include: personal demographic information, personal health insurance coverage information, blood type, blood donor volunteer information, organ transplant volunteer information, DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) orders, DNI (Do Not Intubate) orders, next of kin and emergency contact information, care and care coordination network contact information (e.g., primary care physician, primary pharmacy, primary laboratory), treatment/program adherence information, other useful healthcare information, personal contact information, medication list (can include over the counter medications and/or prescription medications), health history, health related complaints, financial information, administrative information, health history, clinical information, or the like, etc. The owner of the patient account also can use social media capabilities of the patient account by posting personal status reports on his/her healthcare status, such as, for example:—I'm at Dr. Jones' office. Been waiting for over an hour to see him.—I'm having orthopedic surgery today. I'm a little frightened and hope you can visit after my procedure to check on me.—I've been in the emergency room at Community Hospital USA with a high fever and chest pain for over 6 hours and have not been treated yet. Can someone help me?—Mom-Dad it's a boy!

In an example embodiment, data automatically can be transferred to the patient account when the patient identifies himself/herself. This could occur when the patient is evaluating a recently rendered healthcare service, or at a time thereafter when the patient is accessing the patient account to update the patient account. Data can include any appropriate type of data, such as, for example, information pertaining to verification of services, treatment assessments, treatment instructions, patient education, referrals, prescriptions, consults, invoices, action plans, personal goal materials, discharge instructions, or the like.

As a patient is entering data into the patient account, either as part of the evaluation process, or subsequent to the evaluation process, depending upon the data being entered, such as, for example, responses to questions, additional health related questions can be automatically provided to the patient. The additional questions can seek clarification or request more in-depth information to help determine if the patient's safety or well being is in jeopardy. The additional question can be provided at the time the patient is entering the data and/or at a subsequent time when the patient accesses the patient account. The patient can answer the additional questions at the time they are received and/or at a subsequent time. This information can automatically be transmitted to an appropriate third party who can take necessary action. In an example embodiment, the additional questions and/or the responses to the additional questions, e.g., additional questions seeking clarifying information and/or requesting more in-depth information, can be compiled and stored in the patient account for subsequent access.

In an example embodiment, the patient can manage the patient account. For example, the patient can selectively transfer information from the patient account to a designated recipient or recipients. The patient could restrict information being transferred from the patient account. Example recipients include health care providers, insurers, pharmacists, labs, work wellness entities, etc. In an example embodiment, the patient can authorize third parties (e.g., health care providers, insurers, pharmacists, labs, work wellness entities, etc.) to access the patient account. The third parties can access the account via any appropriate mechanism, such as, for example, the internet, an email address, a portal, or the like. Authorized third parties can transfer information to the patient account as needed and the patient can be responsive to this information by exchanging information with the third parties. Examples of the types of information that can be transferred into and/or out of the patient account include instructions, updates, education, assessments, results, programs, monitoring questions, etc.

In an example embodiment a practitioner, healthcare entity, or the like, can use the patient account for individualized patient care. For example, using the patient account as a personal e-health mailing address for the patient, the practitioner, healthcare entity, or the like, can accomplish individualized clinician-patient interactions. The interactions can be electronically documented and verified. Verified interaction can be made available to other entities as appropriate.

The patient account could be updated for any appropriate reason. For, example, the patient account could be updated responsive to the patient receiving healthcare services, to uploads from an authorized/approved party (e.g., laboratory, imaging facility, clinical facility), or any appropriate combination thereof. The patient account could be updated responsive to a third party transferring information to the patient account, such as, for example, laboratory results or any other notice sent to the patient's personal e-health account. The patient account could be updated responsive to a change in the patient's status and/or the availability of new applications.

The patient account could be added to a registry, such as, for example, a national patient reported outcomes registry. For example the patient account could be part of a national registry of real-time patient reported outcomes. A registry comprising the patient account can provide a unique data base of patient reported outcomes that can advance clinical decision making and provide medical informatics for research and analytics. A registry comprising the patient account can provide new unique and aggregate patient preferences, perceptions, values, and treatment effectiveness direct from the source. A registry comprising the patient account can provide detail journal entries for marketing analysis or the like. A registry comprising the patient account can provide new, unique, and aggregate information that links medical outcomes to human behaviors. Accordingly, data (evidence) can be organized around unique clinician and unique patient encounters (and medical condition/status) and experiences to create longitudinal records, probability profiles, and provide treatment care and cost considerations. A registry comprising the patient account can be utilized to generate analytics that apply to a broad range of problems in healthcare and life sciences. A registry comprising the patient account can be utilized to provide new experiential risk and loss control data. Third parties can draw from a registry comprising the patient account to reduce an indication of the severity of medical conditions, determine localized new best practices and manage healthcare effectively. A registry comprising the patient account can be utilized to interface with other national registries through health information exchanges, or the like.

Information (data) in the patient account can be organized in any appropriate manner regardless as to whether the patient account is part of a registry or not part of a registry. For example, information in the patient account could be organized to comport with, for example, the patient's preferences, perceptions, values and/or experiences. Information can be organized to comport with age-related groups, problem-related groups, diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), complaint-related groups, medication-related groups, or the like, or any appropriate combination thereof.

In an example embodiment, the patient account can be utilized to monitor and/or promote patient compliance. For example, the patient account could store a provider's treatment instructions and enable the patient to record/attest to his/her adherence to the treatment instructions. This recordation/attestation could be used by the provider during subsequent visits to evaluate the patient's adherence to the treatment instructions. This recordation/attestation could be used by the provider during subsequent visits to determine if there are problems with the treatment plan. Case Managers could utilize the patient account to, for example, monitor a patient's adherence to a treatment plan and to conduct interventions, perform medication reconciliation, ensure patient safety, or the like. Skilled professionals, such as patient education specialists or the like, can utilize the patient account to assist a patient in treatment plan areas to which the patient is having difficulty adhering.

In an example embodiment, the patient account can be utilized to monitor and/or promote provider (e.g., practitioner) compliance. For example, use of the patient account could provide means for documenting and tracking the effectiveness of a treatment plan including both the patient's and the provider's behavior/adherence to protocols and guidelines. Data (information) in the patient account could provide documentation and validation of the services rendered and could be used to satisfy professional guidelines, regulations, and requirements of the like. Data (information) in the patient account could be in the form of claims data and/or patient identified visit records. The patient account also could be utilized to provide data needed for pay for performance rewards programs.

The patient account can be utilized by third parties in any appropriate manner. For example, the patient account can be used to expand services for providing care, such as, for example, providing personalized support, more effectively managing blood transfusion and organ transplant programs, or the like. The patient account can be used to provide a third party access to the patient's personal health information. The patient account can be used to interface with electronic medical records. The patient account can be used to interface with a health savings account. The patient account can be used to interface with health information exchanges. The patient account can be used to interface with pharmacy, home health, and/or primary care. The patient account can be used to participate in risk assessment. The patient account can be used to facilitate an employer sponsored wellness program. The patient account can be used to allow a patient to compare the cost of healthcare services. The patient account can be used to give patients choice and access to various healthcare services. The patient account can be used to identify gaps between the provider and patient. The patient account can be used to exchange individualized information with the owner/patient. For example, a laboratory facility can send lab results, a pharmacy can send medication instructions, a provider can send treatment plan instructions (visit based and discharge planning) and be able to engage in patient recuperation/recovery/progress monitoring, an employer can send reminders about work limitation instructions, a clinical trial can send clinical trial invitations, an insurance company can send rebate instructions, any and all personal health information can be sent to the patient account for storage safekeeping and continuity. The patient account can be used to manage healthcare costs effectively, such as, for example, via predictive modeling. The patient account can be used to facilitate the administration of incentives and rewards to the patient. The patient account can be used by enterprise portals. The patient account can be used as means for verifying and validating that professional standards are being met. The patient account can be used as means for auditing, verifying, and validating that reimbursed services (e.g., kidney dialysis services, skilled nursing, nursing home, long-term health care, rehabilitation, chiropractic, etc.) were legitimate, relevant, and/or appropriate. The patient account can be used to facilitate medical malpractice testimony. The patient account can be used to produce analytics that will motivate behavior change. The patient account can be used to identify variations from evidence based care. The patient account can be used to generate hypotheses and score and assess evidence. The patient account can be used to identify patient limitations. The patient account can be used to identify patient special needs. The patient account can be used for disaster readiness planning and coordination. The patient account can be used for first responder line of duty injury tracking. The patient account can be used for injured on the job tracking. The patient account can be used to facilitate Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) reporting. The patient account can be used to gain an understanding of a patient's psychosocial issues.

The patient account can be stored in any appropriate manner and on any appropriate device or devices. For example, the patient account can be stored in an authorized third party (other than the patient) processor, server, computer, database, or the like. In an example embodiment, the patient account can be stored in a secure environment (e.g., encrypted, obfuscated, dispersed, password protected, etc.). In another example embodiment, the patient account can be stored, in part, on a patient device, such as the patient's lap top computer, desk top computer, server, hand held device, or the like. In yet another example embodiment, the patient account can be a universal record of information that is accessible and updatable by third parties and the patient that allows for exchange of information therebetween. The patient account can be accessible via a single account address (e.g., email address, web address, etc.).

In an example configuration, the patient account can be a single account comprising various applications, such as, for example, medication reminders, e-visits with a healthcare provider, home monitoring services, emergency response services, wellness coaching services, automatic industry updates on medical conditions, automatic industry updates on therapeutics, modalities, information sharing with other patients and providers, medical financial services, health copayment rewards, and reimbursement programs, or the like. Based upon the patient's consent, specific requestors could be registered by the patient to allow access to the patient account. The registration could allow full access or limited access. The registration could allow full data privileges (e.g., read, write, print, email, copy, download, upload, webcast, etc.). The registration could allow limited data privileges. Privileges could be limited by type of privilege, date, time, location, individual, password/pass code, etc.

The patient account can be maintained by any appropriate entity. For example, the patient account could be maintained by the patient, by an authorized third party, or the like, or any combination thereof.

While example embodiments of patient-interactive healthcare management have been described in connection with various computing devices, the underlying concepts can be applied to any computing device or system capable of implementing patient-interactive healthcare management. The various techniques described herein can be implemented in connection with hardware or, where appropriate, with a combination of hardware and software. Thus, the methods and apparatus for patient-interactive healthcare management, or certain aspects or portions thereof, can take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium, wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for implementing patient-interactive healthcare management. In the case of program code execution on programmable computers, the computing device will generally include a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. The program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language can be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations. A machine readable storage medium is an article of manufacture. A machine readable storage medium is not a propagating signal. A machine readable storage medium is not to be construed as a propagating signal.

The methods and apparatus for patient-interactive healthcare management also can be practiced via communications embodied in the form of program code that is transmitted over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via any other form of transmission, wherein, when the program code is received and loaded into and executed by a machine, such as an EPROM, a gate array, a programmable logic device (PLD), a client computer, or the like, the machine becomes an apparatus for patient-interactive healthcare management. When implemented on a general-purpose processor, the program code combines with the processor to provide a unique apparatus that operates to invoke the functionality of patient-interactive healthcare management. Additionally, any storage techniques used in connection with patient-interactive healthcare management can invariably be a combination of hardware and software.

While patient-interactive healthcare management has been described in connection with the various embodiments of the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can be used or modifications and additions can be made to the described embodiment for performing the same function of patient-interactive healthcare management without deviating therefrom. For example, one skilled in the art will recognize that a system for patient-interactive healthcare management as described may apply to any environment, whether wired or wireless, and may be applied to any number of devices connected via a network and interacting across the network. Therefore, patient-interactive healthcare management should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: upon a patient receiving healthcare: selecting, via a processor, a treatment provided during healthcare, the selecting being accomplished by at least one of: the patient; or a designated person that is designated to act on behalf of the patient; providing treatment specific questions based on the selected treatment; evaluating, the selected treatment by answering the treatment specific questions, via the processor, directed to treatment specific procedures performed during the received healthcare, wherein: the evaluating is accomplished by at least one of: the patient; or the designated person; the evaluating is conducted, at least in part, at a point of service at which the healthcare was received; and the evaluating occurs prior to notification to a third party pertaining to the received healthcare.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient is a special needs patient.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient comprises a disability.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the designated person is one of: a parent of the patient; a guardian of the patient; or an assistant of the patient.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the evaluating is accomplished at a plurality of locations; and one of the plurality of locations is the point of service at which the healthcare was received.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the point of service comprises a plurality of locations; and the evaluating is accomplished in at least one location of the plurality of locations.
 7. An apparatus comprising: a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising: receiving, upon a patient receiving healthcare, a selection of a treatment provided during the healthcare, the selection being indicative of being provided by at least one of: the patient; or a designated person that is designated to act on behalf of the patient; providing treatment specific questions based on the selected treatment; receiving an evaluation of the selected treatment via answers to the treatment specific questions directed to treatment specific procedures performed during the received healthcare, wherein: the evaluating is indicative of being accomplished by at least one of: the patient; or the designated person; the evaluating is conducted, at least in part, at a point of service, at which the patient was located during the received healthcare; and the evaluating occurs prior to notification to a third party pertaining to the received healthcare service.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the patient is a special needs patient.
 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the patient comprises a disability.
 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the designated person is one of: a parent of the patient; a guardian of the patient; or an assistant of the patient.
 11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the evaluating is accomplished at a plurality of locations; and one of the plurality of locations is the point of service at which the healthcare was received.
 12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the point of service comprises a plurality of locations; and the evaluating is accomplished in at least one location of the plurality of locations.
 13. A computer readable storage medium comprising executable instructions that when executed by a processor cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising: receiving, upon a patient receiving healthcare, a selection of a treatment provided during the healthcare, the selection being indicative of being provided by at least one of: the patient; or a designated person that is designated to act on behalf of the patient; providing treatment specific questions based on the selected treatment; receiving an evaluation of the selected treatment via answers to the treatment specific questions directed to treatment specific procedures performed during the received healthcare, wherein: the evaluating is indicative of being accomplished by at least one of: the patient; or the designated person; the evaluating is conducted, at least in part, at a point of service, at which the patient was located during the received healthcare; and the evaluating occurs prior to notification to a third party pertaining to the received healthcare service.
 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the patient is one of: a special needs patient; or a patient comprising a disability.
 15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the designated person is one of: a parent of the patient; a guardian of the patient; or an assistant of the patient.
 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein: the evaluating is accomplished at a plurality of locations; and one of the plurality of locations is the point of service at which the healthcare was received.
 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein: the point of service comprises a plurality of locations; and the evaluating is accomplished in at least one location of the plurality of locations.
 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein: the evaluating is accomplished at a plurality of locations; and one of the plurality of locations is not the point of service at which the healthcare was received.
 19. A method comprising: upon receiving healthcare by a patient, providing, via a processor: evaluative questions that measure an effectiveness of the received healthcare; instructions pertaining to activities to be conducted by the patient subsequent to receiving the healthcare; and questions pertaining to an intention by the patient to comply with the instructions; receiving a response to the questions; evaluating the response; and based on the evaluating, providing, via the processor, at least one of: educational information to facilitate compliance with the instructions; interventional information to facilitate an intervention with the patient; corrective information; or an acknowledgment of the response.
 20. An apparatus comprising: a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising: upon receiving healthcare by a patient, providing: evaluative questions that measure an effectiveness of the received healthcare; instructions pertaining to activities to be conducted by the patient subsequent to receiving the healthcare; and questions pertaining to an intention by the patient to comply with the instructions; receiving a response to the questions; evaluating the response; and based on the evaluating, providing at least one of: educational information to facilitate compliance with the instructions; interventional information to facilitate an intervention with the patient; corrective information; or an acknowledgment of the response.
 21. A computer readable storage medium comprising executable instructions that when executed by a processor, cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising: upon receiving healthcare by a patient, providing: evaluative questions that measure an effectiveness of the received healthcare; instructions pertaining to activities to be conducted by the patient subsequent to receiving the healthcare; and questions pertaining to an intention by the patient to comply with the instructions; receiving a response to the questions; evaluating the response; and based on the evaluating, providing at least one of: educational information to facilitate compliance with the instructions; interventional information to facilitate an intervention with the patient; corrective information; or an acknowledgment of the response.
 22. A method comprising: upon a patient receiving healthcare: selecting, via a processor, a treatment provided during healthcare, the selecting being accomplished by at least one of: the patient; or a designated person that is designated to act on behalf of the patient; providing treatment specific questions based on the selected treatment; evaluating, the selected treatment by answering the treatment specific questions, via the processor, directed to treatment specific procedures performed during the received healthcare, wherein: the evaluating is accomplished by at least one of: the patient; or the designated person; the evaluating is conducted, in a location other than where healthcare was received; and the evaluating occurs prior to notification to a third party pertaining to the received healthcare.
 23. An apparatus comprising: a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising: receiving, upon a patient receiving healthcare, a selection of a treatment provided during the healthcare, the selection being indicative of being provided by at least one of: the patient; or a designated person that is designated to act on behalf of the patient; providing treatment specific questions based on the selected treatment; receiving an evaluation of the selected treatment via answers to the treatment specific questions directed to treatment specific procedures performed during the received healthcare, wherein: the evaluating is indicative of being accomplished by at least one of: the patient; or the designated person; the evaluating is conducted, at a location other than where the patient was located during the received healthcare; and the evaluating occurs prior to notification to a third party pertaining to the received healthcare service. 